wake waken awake awaken 的用法与区别
这四个词的含义和用法区别不大, 常有交义, 但有些语法家认为, 如果后接直接宾语, 应当用”awaken”, 而不用”wake” (书面语), 而”awaken”则多用于引申意义wake的过去式。
“wake”:-
>> (1) = “醒”
e.g. I wake up at six every morning.
e.g. He woke to find himself in the hospital.
e.g. Peter was too tired to wake at the usual time.
e.g. Has the baby waked (woken) yet?
>> (2) = “叫醒”; “吵醒”; “引起”
e.g. Please wake me at six.
e.g. I’m afraid of waking her.
e.g. The voice waked me out of a sound sleep.
e.g. The incident woke memories of the war years.
====================================================================
“waken”:- [用法和”wake”基本相同, 但在有直接宾语时用”waken”而不用”wake”。]
>> = “弄醒”; “吵醒”; “唤醒”
e.g. She wakened the baby with a kiss on his cheek.
e.g. I was wakened early by the shouts of my neighbor.
e.g. Nature seems to be wakened from a dead sleep.
====================================================================
“awake”:-
>> = “惊醒”; “吵醒”; “意识到”; “发现”; “醒”
e.g. The noise of the explosion awoke me.
e.g. He was awaked by loud cries.
e.g. I slowly awoke to the danger that threatened me.
e.g. He awoke to find himself famous.
>> [作形容词用]
e.g. Are you awake yet?
e.g. He was fully awake to the importance of the economic development.
====================================================================
“awaken”:-
>> = “弄醒”; “使意识到”
e.g. A knock on the door awakened me.
e.g. She was awakened by the barking of a dog.
>> [“awaken”常用于”引申意义”]
e.g. It awakened millions to the danger of fascism.
e.g. His stealth awakened my suspicion.
e.g. Their national spirit was awakened.
这几个词在使用时经常搞混，其区别大致可从以下几方面去看：
1. 从词形变换来看：wake 和 awake 的过去式和过去分词可以是规则的(waked, waked 和 awaked, awaked)，也可以是不规则的(woke, woken 和 awoke, awoken)，但在现代英语中通常只用其不规则变换形式。
2. 从是否及物来看：从理论上说，这四个动词都可用作及物或不及物动词；但从实际使用上看，wake 和 awake 多用作不及物动词，而 waken，awaken 多用作及物动词。
3. 从是否连用副词 up 来看：wake 通常可与 up 连用，waken 可以与 up 连用，而 awake 和 awaken 则一般不与 up 连用。
4. 从是否用于比喻义来看：awake 和 awaken 尽管可以用于本义表示“醒来”或“弄醒”，但更多是用于比喻义表示“认识到”、“意识到”等；wake (up) 通常用于本义，也可用于比喻义；但 waken 则主要用于本义，一般不用于比喻义。
5.从词性上看：awake 除用作动词外，还可用作形容词(只用作表语，意为“醒着的”、“意识到”)，而其余三个词通常用作动词，不能用作形容词。如：
He is wide awake. 他还没有一点睡意。
They aren’t awake to the difficuties. 他们没有意识到这些困难。
注：形容词 awake 通常用 wide，fully 等修饰，一般不用 very 修饰。
6. 从用词的通俗性来看：在这四个动词中，wake (up) 是最普通也是最不正式的一个词。如果只考虑其正确性而不考虑其普通性，有时一个意思可能有多种表达：
He woke up [awoke, wakened, wakened up, awakened] when I entered. 当我进来时他醒了。
The sound woke [wakened] him up. / The sound awoke [awakened] him. 这声音把他吵醒了。
They haven’t yet woken up [awoken, awakened] to the seriousness of the situation. 他们还没意识到形势的严重性。