做修饰的通常是句子，可以表示原因、结果、条件、时间、伴随等等，相当于一个状语从句比如分词作状语：Seeingnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleavethemanote.(表示原因)Givenenoughtime,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.(表示条件)=Iwehadbeengivenenoughtime,wecouldhavedoneitbetter分词作定语分为前置定语和后置定语，修饰名词，一般来说单个的分词作定语多前置，比如aretiredteacher而分词短语作定语多后置，可以转换为对应的定于从句，比如：Thepicturedrawnbyherwaswonderful。=Thepicture(whichwasdrawnbyher)waswonderful.①处有标点符号吗？
1. 分词作状语实际把状语从句简化.简化的条件：其逻辑主语一定要与主句的主语保持一致.While he was reading the book, he nodded from time to time. —-Reading the book, he nodded from time to time.Because he was shy, he didn’t come to the party.—-Being shy, he didn’t come to the party.As the book is written in simple English, the book is easy to read.—-Written in simple English, the book is easy to read. 2. 分词作状语时可分为以下几种：* doing ： 用来表示主动,且前后动作同时进行.Returning home later, my friend learned that the police had been to the flat.* having done: 用来表示主动,且动作发生在主句之前.Having seen the film before, I decided not to see it again.* being done: 用来表示被动,且前后动作同时进行.Being questioned by the police, he felt frightened.* done: 用来表示被动且完成Destroyed in the storm, the house will be rebuilt.* having been done: 用来表示被动,而且强调动作持续 一段时间或次数.Having been defeated three times, he had to give up.* 否定形式： not/ never + 分词结构Not studying hard, he didn’t pass the test.Never having taken a plane before, he was nervous.
分词是高考的热门考点之一,同时也是困扰同学们的重难点之一。高考对现在分词作状语的考查十分常见,其考法变化多样,题型生动灵活。现在分词是一种非限定动词,由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。它兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征,可带宾语或受状语修饰。就其形式而言,分为主动态的一般式doing,完成式having done;被动态的完成式having been done,进行式的being done。否定形式都是在-ing